游离氨基酸对褐鳟和金鳟精子活力的影响

为探究体外储存条件下游离氨基酸(FAA)对鳟鱼精子活力的影响,分析褐鳟(Salmo trutta)和金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)精液中FAA组成,通过向人工精液保存液(ASP)中添加不同种类氨基酸孵育褐鳟和金鳟精子,孵育1、24、48、72和96 h后,研究FAA对精子活力的影响(定义为孵育后可激活活力)。结果表明,褐鳟精浆FAA主要为缬氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸及甲硫氨酸,其精子FAA主要为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸及丝氨酸。金鳟精浆和精子中主要FAA为精氨酸。当精子与精浆孵育48 h后,两种鱼的氨基酸含量与组成模式均发生变化,发生新陈代谢。丝氨酸、异亮氨酸及甲硫氨酸+异亮氨酸对两种鱼的精子活力有积极影响,在一定时间内能够通过添加可FAA延续精子活力,解决鳟鱼雌雄成熟不同步问题,提高受精效果,对鳟鱼苗种繁育及养殖具有重要意义。     

Arginine effects on biochemical composition of sperm in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

The present study investigated the effect of arginine on seminal plasma composition in rainbow trout. Male rainbow trout broodstocks (2500 ± 200 g) were fed five practical diets (each consisting of three triplicates) supplemented with Arginine at 0.50%, 1.50% and 2.00%. The control group were fed without arginine. Broodstock feeding lasted for 90 days, and then fish semen was sampled. Results indicated no significant differences in LDH, ALP, Fe²⁺ and phosphorous content among the different treatments. The lowest levels of AST and ALT and the highest levels of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions were observed in the treatment fed with 1.50% arginine, which showed significant differences from other treatments (P < 0.05). Moreover, the amount of Cl^?, Na⁺ and K⁺ ions was significantly increased in the seminal plasma in fish fed diets containing arginine in comparison with the control. As the amount of arginine was increased, the levels of uric acid became significantly greater in contrast to urea and glucose levels. The highest amounts of cholesterol, fructose and total protein were observed in treatments fed on 2.00%, 0.50% and 1.00% arginine, respectively, showing significant differences from other treatments (P < 0.05). The highest pH value was assayed in the 1.50% arginine treatment. Results indicated that arginine had a potential efficacy on semen quality in rainbow trout broodstocks.     

非洲菊组织培养高频植株再生体系的研究

以非洲菊花托为试材，进行组培快速繁殖的最适培养基为：愈伤组织的诱导：MS 6-BA2．0mg／L NAA0．2mg／L，诱导率可达100％；芽的分化：1／2MS 6-BA2．0mg／L NAA0．2mg／L，分化率可达91．67％；增殖：MS 6-BA1．0mg／L NAA0．2mg／L，增殖倍数可达14倍；生根：1／2MS IAA0．2～0．5mg／L，生根率可达100％．炼苗基质：锯末子：河沙：腐殖土=1：1：1，移栽成活率可达96％．     

大鳞大马哈鱼精子活力的观察

采集成熟的大鳞大马哈鱼精子,在不同的激活介质、人工精浆(ASP)、pH和温度条件下进行活力观察。结果表明:用生理盐水(BSS)激活的精子活力高于用水激活(P<0.05),单尾鱼的精子活力高于多尾混精(P<0.05);在ASP A,B和C液中,用ASP C液保存精子的效果最好(P<0.05);保持大鳞大马哈鱼精子活力较强的适宜pH值为8.19-8.40,而活力最强时pH值为8.40;在4℃下保存的大鳞大马哈鱼精子活力最高;大鳞大马哈鱼受精率最高时的温度和pH值分别为4℃和8.40,这与大鳞大马哈鱼精子活力最强时的温度和pH条件高度相关。     

莲蓬壳提取物不同极性部位的生物活性

为了确定莲蓬壳的生物活性物质,采用有机溶剂萃取法将莲蓬壳提取物分为正己烷相、二氯甲烷相、乙酸乙酯相、正丁醇相和水相5个不同极性部位,测定不同极性部位提取物中总黄酮及多酚含量,分析其还原能力及对过氧化氢、超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基的清除能力,比较莲蓬壳提取物不同极性部位提取物的抗氧化作用。同时还考察了莲蓬壳不同极性部位提取物对乳腺癌细胞(MCF-7)的抑制作用。结果显示:莲蓬壳提取物的不同极性部位提取物均有抗氧化活性作用,其中乙酸乙酯部位提取物和正丁醇部位提取物抗氧化能力较强于其他萃取相部位提取物;正己烷相提取物和二氯甲烷相提取物可显著抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖。     

雄性大弹涂鱼贮精囊的形态结构

应用组织学和透射电镜研究雄性大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmuspectinirostris,Linnaeus)贮精囊的形态结构。结果表明:(1)贮精囊是其精巢的1对附属腺体,黑色素分布于翼状贮精囊表面;(2)贮精囊外包结缔组织被膜,并向内伸出结缔组织隔膜,被膜和隔膜中含有间质细胞,平滑肌纤维、毛细血管、成纤维细胞和纤维细胞;(3)结缔组织隔膜将贮精囊分隔成为许多小室腔,被膜和隔膜上排列着单层上皮细胞,不同小室腔的上皮细胞发育并不同步,按外形分为柱形和立方形。小室腔内还有片状分泌物,PAS呈阳性反应,提示分泌物为粘多糖蛋白;(4)电镜显示上皮细胞顶部有微绒毛结构。生殖期间上皮细胞内粗面内质网、管状嵴线粒体和高尔基复合体发达,上皮细胞顶部有无膜包裹的分泌颗粒。排精后细胞器退化,胞质中出现大量的大空泡;(5)在生殖高峰期不论贮精囊的近端、中央或远端均先后贮存大量的精子,并混合在分泌物中。     

人工养殖施氏鲟和小体鲟精浆微量元素分析

采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了施氏鲟(Acipenserschrenckii)和小体鲟(Acipenserruthenus)的精浆中7种微量元素(K、Na、Mg、Zn、Cu、Fe、Mn)的含量。施氏鲟分别取自宜昌和荆州,小体鲟取自宜昌。分析结果显示,不同种类和产地的鲟精浆中微量元素含量有差异,其中2条不同产地施氏鲟精浆Zn含量有显著性差异(P<0.05);施氏鲟和小体鲟精浆Na、K含量与我国主要淡水养殖鱼类有很大差异,在2种鲟精浆中Na与K浓度之比为10～14。     

Relationship between biochemical constituents of fish semen and fertility: the effect of short-term storage

Spermatozoa and seminal plasma obtained from rainbow trout and whitefish were analyzed in respect to their aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) and alkaline phosphatase activities. In particular, the experiments characterized AspAT optimum pH, optimization of assay conditions and action of coenzyme, pyridoxal 5-phosphate (vitamin B₆). The effect of short-term semen storage at 0°C on biochemical indicators and fertilization rate was examined in both species. The concentrations of reduced and oxidized ascorbic acid in seminal plasma of both species were several folds higher than in spermatozoa and blood plasma of fish. Highly significant correlations were found for both species between AspAT activity (sperm or seminal plasma) and fertilization rate (% of eyed-stage or hatched embryos). For rainbow trout, highly significant correlations were found between sperm concentration, motility and fertilization rate. These results suggest that several biochemical indicators of seminal plasma can be used as measures of sperm quality of fish. Some common biochemical parameters for fish and mammal's semen provide evidence for using fish sperm as a model in biomedical research.     

Motility of spermatozoa ofAlburnus alburnus (Cyprinidae) and its relationship to seminal plasma composition and sperm metabolism

The composition of seminal plasma and metabolism of sperm of the cyprinid fishAlburnus alburnus were investigated. Statistically significant correlations were found between motility parameters and seminal fluid osmolality, pH, Na⁺, K⁺ and protein levels (negative correlations: % immotile spermatozoa-Na⁺, K⁺; positive correlations: % motile spermatozoa-osmolality, pH, Na⁺, K⁺, protein; % linear motile spermatozoa-pH protein; swimming velocity of spermatozoa-pH, Na⁺, protein). Spermatozoan motility and ATP metabolism and glycolysis were correlated as indicated by measurement of ATPase, pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The physiological meanings of these correlations and their possible significance for quality control of semen are discussed.Abbreviations used ACP acid phosphatase - ADP adenosine diphosphate - AK adenylate kinase - ALP alkaline phosphatase - ASPAT aspartate aminotransferase - ATP adenosine triphosphate - ATPase magnesium dependent adenosine triphosphatase - CRPO creatine phosphate - -GLU \-D-glucuronidase - ICDH isocitrate dehydrogenase - LDH lactate dehydrogenase - PK pyruvate kinase     

Studies on the Transmission of 125I Igg and 125I Albumin from Serum to Seminal Plasma in Boars

Labelled swine albumin resp. IgG were injected intravenously in two boars. The radioactivity of seminal plasma was determined at frequent intervals. It was observed that minimal amounts of radioactivity of albumin and IgG could be detected in seminal plasma. The importance of a transmission of IgG from serum to seminal plasma is discussed.